All units are in kilotons of oil equivalent (kTOE)

Sudan’s energy balance for the year 2020 had shown lower figures from previous years trends, while maintaining largely the same proportions of energy supply resources, transformation processes and demand sector consumptions. These lower figures are most likely attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic that caused the authorities to pose restrictions on general movement, in-country travel, gatherings and others. As shown in the Sankey diagram above, Total Final Energy Consumption (TFEC) was 9,761.1 kTOE. When compared, TFEC for 2020 is 23% less than the figure for 2017 (12,739 kTOE).

The general trends indicate that petroleum products imports have been increasing over the period (2012 – 2020), from 8.5% in 2014, to 12.5% in 2017 and 28% in 2020. This can be attributed to the noticeable declines in Sudan’s production of crude oil from 5,170 kTOE in 2014 to 4,582 kTOE in 2017 and reaching 3,524 kTOE in 2020.

The main transformation processes in Sudan’s energy balance are power generation and crude oil refining, with energy inputs of 23.4% and 29.6%, respectively, of Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) in 2020. With an input energy of 3,912.4 kTOE, the power generation output electricity was only 52%, and hence, the significant losses seen in the power generation flow in the diagram. The oil refining processes input energy was 3,753.8 kTOE and produced a 91% output of the input energy (3,420.3 kTOE), with almost 76% of the refineries products were consumed in the transport sector, which is the highest demanding sector for petroleum products, followed by the residential sector that consumed almost 13.4%.

By energy product, petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel are generally the highest consumed, with almost 41% of the TFEC in 2020, followed by biomass, with almost 39% and lastly, electricity, with almost 21%. The residential sector is the highest demanding sector; and had a share of TFEC of around 47%, followed by transport, with 27%. Agriculture sector is the least energy consuming sector, by 6% in 2020, and yet, is the highest contributing sector to the economy, with almost 30% contribution to Gross Domestic product (GDP), according to Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) annual reports.